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The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) is a coalition of centre-left political parties in India formed after the 2004 general election.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=United Progressive Alliance, UPA, UPA Performance General Election 2009, UPA Tally, UPA in Lok Sabha Elections 2009, India Elections 2009, General Elections, Election Manifesto, India Election News, India Elections Results, Indian Election Schedule, 15th Lok Sabha Elections, General Elections 2009, State Assembly Elections, State Assembly Elections Schedule, State Assembly Election Results )〕 One of the members of UPA is Indian National Congress, whose president Sonia Gandhi is also the chairperson of the UPA ==History== The UPA was formed soon after the 2004 general elections when it had become clear that no party had won an absolute majority. The hitherto ruling Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) had won 169 seats〔(Small parties, independents in great demand ).〕 in the 543-member 14th Lok Sabha, as opposed the UPA's tally of 222 seats. The Left Front with 59 MPs (excluding the speaker of the Lok Sabha), the Samajwadi Party with 39 MPs and the Bahujan Samaj Party with 19 MPs were other significant blocks that opted to support UPA at various phases of its rule.〔Originally the SP had (39 MPs ). (6 MPs defied party whip ) and have been expelled from the party.〕〔(Lok Sabha members )〕 The UPA did not enjoy a simple majority on its own in the parliament, rather it has relied on the external support to ensure that it enjoys the confidence of the Indian parliament similar to the formula adopted by the previous minority governments of the United Front, the NDA, the Congress government of P. V. Narasimha Rao, and earlier governments of V. P. Singh and Chandra Shekhar. An informal alliance had existed prior to the elections as several of the current constituent parties had developed seat-sharing agreements in many states. However, it was only after the election that the results of negotiations between parties were announced. The UPA government's policies were initially guided by a common minimum programme that the alliance hammered out with fruitful consultations with Jyoti Basu and Harkishan Singh Surjeet of the 59-member Left Front.〔 〕 Hence, government policies were generally perceived as centre-left, reflecting the centrist policies of the INC. The congress party is today more closely aligned with the neoliberalism, strongly advocates social democracy and social liberalism. During the tenure of Jharkhand Chief Minister Madhu Koda, the constituents of the UPA were, by mutual consent, supporting his government.〔(Madhu Koda to be next Jharkhand CM ). Retrieved 26 March 2007.〕 On 22 July 2008, the UPA narrowly survived a vote of confidence in the parliament brought on by the Left Front withdrawing their support in protest at the India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement. The Congress party and its leaders along with then SP leader Amar Singh were accused for cash for vote scam (see: Cash-for-votes scandal) in which they were accused for buying votes in Lok Sabha to save the government. The enquiry is still going on for the same...〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cash-for-votes scam: The deadly secrets of sting Singh : Cover Story - India Today )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cash For Vote Scam - Amar Singh - Supreme Court - Sudheendra Kulkarni - Swamajwadi Party - BJP )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cash-for-vote scam 2008: Court orders further probe )〕 In the Indian General Election in 2009, the UPA won 262 seats, of which the INC accounted for 206. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Progressive Alliance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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